Iron removal filter

Description  

Immobilization method for the household-level removal of iron through (chemical) coagulation and/or an oxidation or biological immobilization stage. The process often features an aeration-sedimentation-(sand/gravel)-filtration sequence. Key proponent: IRF. Slow or rapid sand filtration with post-sedimentation can already achieve moderate removal.

Financial  

Reportedly, a semi-centralized (shared/small-community) aeration-sand filtration unit costs ~USD200. A concrete-made container is the only significant cost at household-level; filter media (charcoal; sand or gravel) are inexpensive. Chemical additives may present a significant recurring O&M cost for the filtration units.

Institutional  

Can be applied at level of household or small group of households. Method might be advocated from central level. Supply of the chemicals might also be centrally organized. Simple filtration requires little training; chemical methods necessitate education on proper dosing/post-management.

Environmental  

Iron may originate from groundwater, but also from rusting well/pump parts. If so, parts to be replaced with non-ferric components. Presence of manganese or arsenic requires more extensive treatment. Low concentration iron can be treated with aeration-filtration; high concentration necessitates chlorination-filtration.

Techical  

Coagulation-flocculation involving methods are likely to be more labor-intensive. Simple aeration-filtration methods are easier to manage, requiring only infrequent washing of filter media. O&M costs are limited, only regular chlorine/lime addition may present regular purchase items.

Social

Coloring/turbidity effect may motivate users to prefer (contaminated) surface water, where treatment is insufficient. The integrated IRF design has proved a best practice method in the Philippines. Very limited maintenance requirements allow for comfortable daily use.

Relevant remarks:

No relevant remarks for Iron removal filter.