Pasteurization is similar to boiling in that it inactivates pathogens through a thermal treatment. It involves the heating of water to a temperature of 65-75oC for a few minutes and then let it cool. Indoor or solar cooking-type sub-methods exist. Specific pasteurization methods include PET bottle or solar boxes, Aquapak and Chulli.
Solar cookers cost in the range of USD20-30 depending on specific product. No maintenance costs. Conventional cooking may not require initial investment, but it is fuel-intensive. Chulli-pasteurization requires extra rapid sand filter and tubing (~USD6), but pasteurization utilizes cooking heat.
As a HWTS method, it requires only educational and awareness-raising campaign especially over the hygiene consequences. Using of specific cookers requires rapid training only. Limited yield may require alternative water supply systems for other than drinking/cooking use.
Environmental impact: minimal. No residuals to be disposed of or treated. Application not expected to have a significant influence on catchment area or natural resources. Suitable for micro- and macro-pathogens. Filtration aided Chulli also removes iron (moderately) and suspended solids.
Solar and indoor cooking requires no specific technical equipment/knowledge. Chulli requires a rapid sand filter and tubing that is integrated in (i) the filter, (ii) the stove and finally (iii) the container. Widespread availability of parts, even in rural areas.
Most of the specific products are easy-to-use. Solar cookers require change of daily pattern for women, which reduce success of dissemination efforts. Long-time users are generally satisfied with the somewhat reduced level of comfort in water obtaining.
No relevant remarks for Pasteurization.